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bolymin, inc. ?????? lcd module specification model no. BC1601A series for messrs: ________________________________________________ on date of: ________________________________________________ approved by: ________________________________________________
bolymin, inc. ?????? c o n t e n t s 1. numbering system 2. precautions in use of lcd modules 3. general specification 4. absolute maximum rating 5. electrical characteristics 6. optical characteristics 7. interface pin function 8. power supply for lcd module and lcd operating voltage adjustment 9. backlight information 10. quality assurance 11. reliability 12. appendix (drawing , el invert er data , ks0066 controller data) 12-1 drawing 12-2 el inverter data (p/n:ivel-01) 12-3 ks0066 controller data 12-3.1 function description 12-3.2 c.g rom table. table 2 12-3.3 instruction table 12-3.4 timing characteristics 12-3.5 initializing soft ware of lcm
bolymin, inc. ?????? 1. numbering system b c 2004 a g p l e b xxx 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 brand bolymin 1 module type c= character type g= graphic type p= tab/tcp type o= cog type f= cof type 2 format 2002=20 characters, 4 lines 12232= 122 x 32 dots 3 ve r s i o n n o . a type 4 lcd color g=stn/gray y=stn/yellow-green c=color stn b=stn/blue f=fstn t=tn 5 lcd type r=positive/reflective p=positive/transflective m=positive/transmissive n=negative/transmissive 6 backlight type/color l=led array/ yellow-green h=led edge/white r=led array/red g=led edge/yellow-green d=led edge/blue e=el/white b=el/blue c=ccfl/white 7 cgram font j=english/japanese font e=english/european font c=english/cyrillic font h=english/hebrew font 8 view angle/ operating temperature b=bottom/normal temperature h=bottom/wide temperature u=bottom/ultra wide temperature t=top/normal temperature w=top/wide temperature c=9h/normal temperature 9 special code 3=3 volt logic power supply n=negative voltage for lcd c=cable/connector xxx=to be assigned on data sheet t=temperature compensation for lcd p=touch panel
bolymin, inc. ?????? 2. precaution in use of lcd module (1) avoid applying excessive shocks to the module or making any alterations or modifications to it. (2) don?t make extra holes on the printed circ uit board, modify its shape or change the components of lcd module. (3) don?t disassemble the lcm. (4) don?t operate it above th e absolute maximum rating. (5) don?t drop, bend or twist lcm. (6) soldering: only to the i/o terminals. (7) storage: please storage in anti-static electricity container and clean environment. (8) don?t touch the elastmer connecter, especia lly insert a backlight panel (el or ccfl) 3. general specification (1) mechanical dimension item dimension unit number of characters 16characters x 1 lines ?e module dimension ( l x w x h ) 80.0 x 36.0 x 13.2(max)- led array b/l, led edge b/l (white, blue) 80.0 x 36.0 x 9.4 (max) ? led edge / blue b/l, el or no b/l mm view area 66.0 x 16.0 mm active area 59.62 x 6.56 mm dot size 0.55 x 0.75 mm dot pitch 0.63 x 0.83 mm character size ( l x w ) 3.07 x 6.56 mm character pitch ( l x w ) 3.77 x 6.56 mm (2) controller ic: ks0066 (or equivalent) controller (3) temperature range normal wide operating 0 ~+50 j -20 ~+70 j storage -10 ~+60 j -30 ~+80 j
bolymin, inc. ?????? 4. absolute maximum ratings 4.1 electrical absolute maximum ratings (vss=0v, ta=25 j ) item symbol min max unit supply voltage (logic) vdd-vss -0.3 7 v supply voltage (lcd driver) vdd-vo -0.3 13 v input voltage v i vss vdd v t op 0 +50 j normal type t stg -10 +60 j top -20 +70 j wide temperature type tstg -30 +80 j 4.2 environmental a bsolute maximum ratings note (1) ta = 0 j?r 50hr max. note (2) ta ?? 40 j?g 90% rh max ta > 40 j?g absolute humidity must be lower than the humidity of 90% at 40 j . operating storage item (min.) (max.) (min.) (max.) comment humidity note (2) note (2) without condensation vibration -- 4.9m/s 2 -- 19.6m/s 2 xyz direction shock -- 29.4m/s 2 -- 490m/s 2 xyz direction
bolymin, inc. ?????? 5. electrical characteristics item symbol condition min typ max unit supply voltage for logic vdd-vss ?e 3.0 ?e 5.5 v ? ta=-20 j ?e 5.5 ?e v ta=0 j ?e ?e ?e v ta=25 j ?e 4.5 ?e v ta=50 j ?e ?e ?e v supply voltage for lcd ? wide temp ?b type vdd-vo ? ta=+70 j ?e 3.8 ?e v input high volt. v ih ?e 2.2 ?e vdd v input low volt. v il ?e ?e ?e 0.6 v output high volt. v oh ?e 2.4 ?e ?e v output low volt. v ol ?e ?e ?e 0.4 v supply current idd vdd=5v ?e 1.2 ?e ma
bolymin, inc. ?????? 6. optical characteristics a. stn item symbol condition min. typ. max. unit (v) c cr ? 2 10 45 deg view angle (h) p cr ? 2 -30 30 deg contrast ratio cr ?e 3 ?e t rise ?e 100 150 ms response time 25 j t fall ?e 150 200 ms b. fstn item symbol condition min. typ. max. unit (v) c cr ? 3 10 60 deg view angle (h) p cr ? 3 -45 45 deg contrast ratio cr ?e 5 ?e t rise ?e 100 150 ms response time 25 j t fall ?e 150 200 ms
bolymin, inc. ?????? 6.1 definitions ?? view angles ?? contrast ratio ?? response time lcd z y x ( best visual angle direction ) ( visual angle direction ) brightness at non-selected state ( bns ) brightness at selected state ( bs ) non-selected state operating voltage for lcd driving cr = selected state b r i g h t n e s s ( % ) bns bs 1 0 0 % 90 % rise time decay time ( fall time tf ) b r i g h t n e s s selected condition nonselected condition nonselected condition tr td 10 %
bolymin, inc. ?????? 7. interface pin function pin no. symbol level description 1 vss 0v ground 2 vdd 5.0v supply voltage for logic (option +3v) 3 vo (variable) operating voltage for lcd 4 rs h/l h:data, l:instruction code 5 r/w h/l h:read(mpu ? module)l:write(mpu ? module) 6 e h,h ? l chip enable signal 7 db0 h/l data bit 0 8 db1 h/l data bit 1 9 db2 h/l data bit 2 10 db3 h/l data bit 3 11 db4 h/l data bit 4 12 db5 h/l data bit 5 13 db6 h/l data bit 6 14 db7 h/l data bit 7 15 a / vee ?e power supply for led backlight ( + ) / negative voltage output 16 k ?e power supply for led backlight ( - )
bolymin, inc. ?????? 8. power supply for lcd module and lcd operating voltage a adjustment ? standart type dc 5v vr (recomment) vdd lcm vss vo typ.: 4.5v ? (option)lcm operating on " dc 3v " input , with external negative dc 3v negative volt -3v vr vdd vss vo lcm typ.: 4.5v ? (option) lcm operating on " dc 3v " i nput , with built-in negative voltage vdd vss vo vee lcm built-in dc 3v vr n.v generator or temp. compensation circuit -3v typ.: 4.5v
bolymin, inc. ?????? 9.backlight information 9.1 specification (1) led array / yellow-green parameter symbol min ty p max unit test condition supply current iled w 100 ma v=4.2v supply voltage v ?e 4.2 4.3 v reverse voltage vr ?e ?e 8 v luminous intensity iv 60 ?e ?e cd/m 2 iled=100ma wave length f p 574 nm iled=100ma life time ?e 100000 ?e hr. v ?? 4.2v color yellow green (2) led edge / (white / blue) parameter symbol min typ max unit test condition supply current iled w 20 25 ma v=3.4v supply voltage v ?e 3.4 3.5 v reverse voltage vr ?e ?e 8 v luminous intensity iv 50 ?e ?e cd/m 2 iled=20ma 10000-white life time ?e 50000-blue ?e hr. v ?? 3.4 v color white / blue
bolymin, inc. ?????? (3) el / blue parameter symbol min typ max unit test condition voltage vrms -- 110 (ac) -- frequency hz -- 400 -- brightness* cd/m 2 48 60 -- x -- 0.1852 -- cie chromaticity diagram y -- 0.3937 -- current dissipation ma/cm 2 -- 1.33 -- power dissipation mw/cm 2 -- 26.29 -- 110vrms 400hz color blue 9.2 backlight driving methods a. led b/l drive from pin15 (led+) pin16 (led-) a.1 array / yellow-green + ? lcm backlight rl= 8.2 +4.2v +5v _ 15 16 rl=0 ? (recommending) i led =100ma + a.2 edge / (white / blue) lcm backlight rl=56 +3.4v +5v + _ 15 16 ? rl=0 ? (recommending) or higher i led =20ma
bolymin, inc. ?????? b. led b/l drive from a. k directly b.1 array / yellow-green + ? lcm backlight rl= 8.2 +4.2v +5v _ a k rl=0 ? (recommending) i led =100ma + b.2 edge / (white/blue) lcm backlight rl=56 +3.4v +5v + _ a k ? rl=0 ? (recommending) or higher i led =20ma c. ? (option) led b/l drive from pin1 (vss) pin2 (vdd) vdd lcm rl vss backlight 2 1 + - (1) jump 1,2 short (2) current resistor required on rl (3) jump 15,16 open (4) to be sure of enough current supply for both vdd + led b/l
bolymin, inc. ?????? d. el b/l drive from a.k directly el panel backlight ac dc inverter lcm a k dc+5v +110v ?
bolymin, inc. ?????? 10. quality assurance 10.1 inspection conditions the lcd shall be inspected under 40w white fluorescent light. 45 x definition of applicable zones b lcd bezel pcb a : area b : non- display area display a
bolymin, inc. ?????? 10.2 inspection parameters no. parameter criteria 1 black or white spots acceptable number zone dimension a b class of defects acceptable level d??0.15 * * 0.15??d??0.2 4 4 0.2??d??0.25 2 2 d??0.3 0 1 minor 2.5 d=(long + short)/2 *: disregard 2 scratch, substances acceptable number zone x(mm) y(mm) a b class of defects acceptable level * 0.04?w * * 3.0?l 0.06?w 4 4 2.0?l 0.08?w 2 3 ?e 0.1??w 0 1 minor 2.5 x: length y : width * : disregard total defects should not exceed 4/module 3 air bubbles (between glass & polarizer) acceptable number zone dimension a b class of defects acceptable level d??0.15 * * 0.15??d??0.25 2 * 0.25??d 0 1 minor 2.5 *: disregard total defects shall not excess 3/module.
bolymin, inc. ?????? y x (x+y)/2 ??0.3mm 0.152 0.152 should not be connected to next pixel (2) pixel shape (3) pin hole x y (less than 0.1mm is no counted) (1) pixel shape uniformity total acceptable number : 1/pixel,5/cell (x+y)/2??0.02mm 4 (4)deformation (with dent) (with projection)
bolymin, inc. ?????? 11. reliability ?? content of reliability test environmental test no. test item content of test test condition applicable standard 1 high temperature storage endurance test applying the high storage temperature for a long time. 60 j 200hrs ?? 2 low temperature storage endurance test applying the high storage temperature for a long time. -20 j 200hrs ?? 3 high temperature operation endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) and the thermal stress to the element for a long time. 50 j 200hrs ?? 4 low temperature operation endurance test applying the electric stress under low temperature for a long time. 0 j 200hrs ?? 5 high temperature/ humidity storage endurance test applying the high temperature and high humidity storage for a long time. 60 j ,90%rh 96hrs ?? 6 high temperature/ humidity operation endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) and temperature / humidity stress to the element for a long time. 40 j ,90%rh 96hrs ?? 7 temperature cycle endurance test applying the low and high temperature cycle. -20 j 25 j 60 j 30min 5min 30min 1 cycle -20 j /60 j 10 cycles ?? mechanical test 8 vibration test endurance test applying the vibration during transportation and using. 10~22hz ? 1.5mmp-p 22~500hz ? 1.5g total 0.5hrs ?? 9 shock test constructional and mechanical endurance test applying the shock during transportation. 50g half sign wave 11 msedc 3 times of each direction ?? 10 atmospheric pressure test endurance test applying the atmospheric pressure during transportation by air. 115mbar 40hrs ?? others 11 static electricity test endurance test applying the electric stress to the terminal. vs=800v,rs=1.5k [ cs=100pf 1 time ?? ***supply voltage for logic system=5v. supply voltage for lcd system =operating voltage at 25 j
bolymin, inc. ?????? 12. appendix ( drawing , el inverter data , ks0066 controller data) 12-1 drawing as shown on next page

bolymin, inc. ?????? 12-2 el inverter data (p/n:ivel-01) as shown on next page
bolymin, inc. el inverter specification p/n: ivel-01 customer date 99/12/03 rev a part no ivel-01 item dc/ac inverter dwg. no specification input(v/dc) output(v/ac) frequency(hz) input(ma/dc) el range(c O ) test dummy load=el(cm 2 ) 5v/dc 10% 80v 1 5% 600hz 20% 60ma typ. 30~80 c O 22nf//66.6k test condtion:@25 . dc 5v & standard dummy load. test equipment : 1 . millimeter : fluke 87s millimeter. 2. oscilloscope : tektromic tds2 1 0 digital oscilloscope. 3. power supply : gw gpc-3030d dc power supply. 4. load : epi ? load ? 0 1 multi range load. operation temperature : - 1 0 +70 storage temperature : -30 +80 note : 1. warning : output do not open or short . inverter may be burnout. e5652z i g o 2 1 . 0 31.0 2 . 5 20.0 5 . 1 9 . 5 pin i g o description input dc voltage. dc/ac ground. output ac voltage. 1 5 . 0 4.5 tolerance: 0.5mm prepare: checked: approval:
bolymin, inc. ?????? ac (hexadecimal) 12-3. ks0066 controller data 12-3.1 function description the lcd display module is built in a lsi controlle r, the controller has two 8-bit registers, an instruction register (ir) and a data register (dr). the ir stores instruction codes, such as displa y clear and cursor shift, and address information for display data ram (ddram) and character generator (cgram). the ir can only be written from the mpu. the dr temporarily stores data to be written or read from ddram or cgram. when address information is written into the ir, then data is stored into the dr from ddram or cgram. by the register selector (rs) signal, these two registers can be selected. rs r/w operation 0 0 ir write as an internal operation (display clear, etc.) 0 1 read busy flag (db7) and address counter (db0 to db7) 1 0 write data to ddram or cg ram (dr to ddram or cgram) 1 1 read data from ddram or cg ram (ddram or cgram to dr) busy flag (bf) when the busy flag is 1, the controller lsi is in the internal operation mode, and the next instruction will not be accepted. when rs=0 a nd r/w=1, the busy flag is output to db7. the next instruction must be written after ensuring that the busy flag is 0. address counter (ac) the address counter (ac) assigns addresses to both ddram and cgram display data ram (ddram) this ddram is used to store the display data represented in 8-bit character codes. its extended capacity is 80 ?? 8 bits or 80 characters. below fi gure is the relationship between ddram addresses and positions on the liquid crystal display. high bits low bits example:ddram addresses 4e ac6 ac5 ac4 ac3 ac2 ac1 ac0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
bolymin, inc. ?????? ddram address display position ddram address 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f example: 2-line by 16-character display character generator rom (cgrom) the cgrom generate 5 ?? 8 dot or 5 ?? 10 dot character patterns from 8-bit character codes. see table 2. character generator ram (cgram) in cgram, the user can rewrite character by program. for 5 ?? 8 dots, eight character patterns can be written, and for 5 ?? 10 dots, four character patterns can be written. write into ddram the character code at the addr esses shown as the left column of table 1. to show the character patterns stored in cgram.
bolymin, inc. ?????? relationship between cgram a ddresses, character codes (ddram) and character patterns (cgram data) for 5 * 8 dot character patterns character codes ( ddram data ) cgram address character patterns ( cgram data ) 543210 6 75432 0 176543210 000 0 01 1 00 1 01 0 10 0 11 1 10 1 11 0 00 0 01 1 00 1 01 0 10 0 11 1 10 1 11 0 00 0 01 0 10 0 11 1 10 1 11 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***00000 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***00000 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 000 000 00 0 000 0 000 000 0 000 0 01 *** *** 111 0000 *111 0000 *000 0000 *001 h igh low h igh low h igh low for 5 * 10 dot character patterns character codes ( ddram data ) cgram address character patterns ( cgram data ) 7 h igh low 4 5 63210 h igh low 543210 h igh low 7654 1 2 30 ***00000 00000 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ******** 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 100 1 10 10 1111 00000 0000 *000 00 00 00 000 000 0 0000 0000 0000 character pattern( 1 ) cursor pattern character pattern( 2 ) cursor pattern character pattern cursor pattern : " h igh "
bolymin, inc. ?????? 12-3.2 c.g rom table. table 2 code j: english ? japanese font llll lllh llhl llhh lhll lhlh lhhl lhhh hlll hllh hlhl hlhh hhll hhlh hhhl upper 4 bit lower 4 bit llll lllh llhl llhh lhll lhlh lhhl lhhh hlll hllh hlhl hlhh hhll hhlh hhhl hhhh hhhh cg ram ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 )
bolymin, inc. ?????? code e: english - european font llll lllh llhl llhh lhll lhlh lhhl lhhh hlll hllh hlhl hlhh hhll hhlh hhhl upper 4 bit lower 4 bit llll lllh llhl llhh lhll lhlh lhhl lhhh hlll hllh hlhl hlhh hhll hhlh hhhl hhhh hhhh cg ram ( 1 ) cg ram ( 2 ) cg ram ( 3 ) cg ram ( 4 ) cg ram ( 5 ) cg ram ( 6 ) cg ram ( 7 ) cg ram ( 8 ) cg ram ( 1 ) cg ram ( 2 ) cg ram ( 3 ) cg ram ( 4 ) cg ram ( 5 ) cg ram ( 6 ) cg ram ( 7 ) cg ram ( 8 )
bolymin, inc. ?????? code c: english - cyrillic font llll lllh llhl llhh lhll lhlh lhhl lhhh hlll hllh hlhl hlhh hhll hhlh hhhl upper 4 bit lower 4 bit llll lllh llhl llhh lhll lhlh lhhl lhhh hlll hllh hlhl hlhh hhll hhlh hhhl hhhh hhhh cg ram (1) cg ram (2) cg ram (3) cg ram (4) cg ram (5) cg ram (6) cg ram (7) cg ram (8) cg ram (1) cg ram (2) cg ram (3) cg ram (4) cg ram (5) cg ram (6) cg ram (7) cg ram (8)
bolymin, inc. ?????? 12-3.3 instruction table ? ? ?e ? ?g don?t care instruction code instruction rs r/w db7 db6 db5 db4 db3 db2 db1 db0 description execution time (fosc=270 khz) clear display 0 0 00 0 00001 write ?00h? to ddram and set ddram address to ?00h? from ac 1.53ms return home 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ?e set ddram address to ?00h? from ac and return cursor to its original position if shifted. the contents of ddram are not changed. 1.53ms entry mode set 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 i/d sh assign cursor moving direction and enable the shift of entire display. 39 g s display on/off control 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 d c b set display (d), cursor (c ), and blinking of cursor (b) on/off control bit. 39 g s cursor or display shift 0 0 0 0 0 1 s/c r/l ?e ?e set cursor moving and display shift control bit, and the direction, without changing of ddram data. 39 g s function set 0 0 0 0 1 dl n f ?e ?e set interface data length (dl:8-bit/4-bit), numbers of display line (n:2-line/1-line)and, display font type (f:5 ?? 11 dots/5 ?? 8 dots) 39 g s set cgram address 0 0 0 1 ac5 ac4 ac3 ac2 ac1 ac0 set cgram address in address counter. 39 g s set ddram address 0 0 1 ac6 ac5 ac4 ac3 ac2 ac1 ac0 set ddram address in address counter. 39 g s read busy flag and address 0 1 bf ac6 ac5 ac4 ac3 ac2 ac1 ac0 whether during internal operation or not can be known by reading bf. the contents of address counter can also be read. 0 g s write data to ram 1 0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 write data into internal ram (ddram/cgram). 43 g s read data from ram 1 1 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 read data from internal ram (ddram/cgram). 43 g s
bolymin, inc. ?????? 12-3.4 timing characteristics 12-3.4.1 write operation ta=25 j , vdd=5.0 ? 0.5v item symbol min typ max unit enable cycle time t cyce 500 ?e ?e ns enable pulse width (high level) pw eh 230 ?e ?e ns enable rise/fall time t er ,t ef ?e ?e 20 ns address set-up time (rs, r/w to e) t as 40 ?e ?e ns address hold time t ah 10 ?e ?e ns data set-up time t dsw 80 ?e ?e ns data hold time t h 10 ?e ?e ns vih1 vil1 vih1 vil1 vil1 t cyce vih1 vil1 vih1 vil1 vil1 t as t ah t ah t ef t h t dsw pw eh t er vil1 vih1 vil1 vih1 vil1 rs r/w e db0 to db7 valid data
bolymin, inc. ?????? 12-3.4.2 read operation ta=25 j ,vdd=5.0 ? 0.5v item symbol min typ max unit enable cycle time t cyce 500 ?e ?e ns enable pulse width (high level) pw eh 230 ?e ?e ns enable rise/fall time t er ,t ef ?e ?e 20 ns address set-up time (rs, r/w to e) t as 40 ?e ?e ns address hold time t ah 10 ?e ?e ns data delay time t ddr ?e ?e 100 ns data hold time t dhr 5 ?e ?e ns vih1 vil1 vih1 vil1 t cyce voh1 vol1* t as t ah t ah t ef t dhr pw eh t er vil1 vih1 vil1 vih1 vil1 rs r/w e db0 to db7 vih1 vih1 voh1 *vol1 valid data t ddr note: *vol1 is assumed to be 0.8v at 2 mhz operation.
bolymin, inc. ?????? 12-3.5 initializing soft ware of lcm 12-3.5.1 8-bit interface power on rs r/w db7 db6 db5 db4 db3 db2 db1 db0 000011**** wait for more than 15 ms after v cc rises to 4.5 v wait for more than 4.1 ms 1 db4 db7 0 rs 0 r/w db6 00 db5 1 db1 db2 db3 **** db0 wait for more than 100 s db4 1 db7 r/w rs 00 db5 db6 001 db1 db3 db2 *** db0 * 1 db4 db7 0 0 rs r/w 1 00 db6 db5 db1 f* n db2 db3 * db0 0000001000 0000000001 00000001 i/d s initialization ends bf can not be checked before this instruction. function set ( interface is 8 bits long. ) function set ( interface is 8 bits long. ) bf can not be checked before this instruction. bf can not be checked before this instruction. function set ( interface is 8 bits long. ) bf can be checked after the following instructions. when bf is not checked , the waiting time between instructions is longer than execution instruction time. function set ( interface is 8 bits long. specify the number of display lines and font. ) the number of display lines and character font can not be changed after this point. 8-bit ineterface display off display clear entry mode set
bolymin, inc. ?????? 12-3.5.2 4-bit interface power on rs r/w db7 db6 db5 db4 000011 wait for more than 15 ms after v cc rises to 4.5 v wait for more than 4.1 ms wait for more than 100 s 0 db4 db7 0 0 rs r/w 1 00 db6 db5 000010 00nf** 000000 initialization ends bf can not be checked before this instruction. function set ( interface is 8 bits long. ) function set ( interface is 8 bits long. ) bf can not be checked before this instruction. bf can not be checked before this instruction. function set ( interface is 8 bits long. ) bf can be checked after the following instructions. when bf is not checked , the waiting time between instructions is longer than execution instruction time. function set ( set interface to be 4 bits long. ) interface is 8 bits in length. function set ( interface is 4 bits long. specify the number of display lines and character font. ) the number of display lines and character font can not be changed after this point. display off display clear entry mode set 4-bit ineterface 0 db6 rs r/w 00 db7 0 db4 db5 11 db6 0 rs r/w 00 db7 0 db4 db5 11 001000 000000 000001 000000 0000 i/d s

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